| Common
Competencies |
評估準則例子 |
Predict
- make further predictions based on available
experimental evidence.
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如果模型(最後版本)的測試結果不是最好,學生會否探討當中的原因?能力稍遜的學生不會發現這個問題;能力一般的學生會解釋原因,根據已有的實驗結果,提出論證支持,而能力較強的學生還會進行實驗,驗證自己的解釋。
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Plan
- propose hypotheses for investigation;
- plan and carry out scientific investigations
consistent with scientific processes; e.g. the concept of a
"fair" test;
- select appropriate apparatus and justify
choice;
- suggest experimental procedures and methods
that are appropriate to the questions being explored;
- understand what empirical evidence will
support or refute claims.
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- 提出假說,並清楚指出操縱和應變變因。
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除確保不保變因不變外,還要確保所有測試在相同的實驗條件下進行,例如:同一日進行、同一地點測試等等。
- 選用容易找到的材料和儀器,並要考慮實驗安全的問題。
- 清楚列出各實驗步驟,並建議提高實驗準確性的方法。
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Define variable
- devise experiments with control variables
where appropriate;
- define operationally physical quantities and
qualities.
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- 能力較強的學生懂得控制不變變因及解釋保持不變的原因。
- 清楚界定和控制變因。
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Information
gathering - Observe
- observe objects and/or events systematically;
- understand factors that might influence the
quality of their observations.
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- 細心觀察測試時的情況,注意影響實驗結果的環境因素,建議改善的方法。
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Information
gathering - Measure
- make measurements accurately using a variety
of instruments;
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- 運用合適的儀器,並懂得進行重複測試,增加數據的準確性。
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Classify
- classify according to external features and
observed chemical and physical properties
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動力來源是受著槳葉的大小、槳葉的數目、電源三方面影響,而船的重量和船身是直接影響移動的因素。不論是哪一種能量轉換過程,上述兩個問題都是存在的。因此,首先解決該兩個問題,才能比較不同的能量轉換過程。
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Record data
- make systematic and accurate notes and
drawings of observations;
- compile and display data in a variety of
formats; e.g. tables and bar graphs.
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- 記錄測試時的情況,可用文字和圖畫描述。
- 能力強的學生會運用圖表,找出變因的影響,以及變因之間的關係。
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Interpret
- identify similarities, differences, patterns
or relationships in a variety of forms of data;
- suggest explanations for observations that
are consistent with the evidence.
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根據測試結果,清楚指出各變因的變化。另外,還懂得作出預測,找出最理想的參考值。
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例如改變帆布的面積,會改變船的重量。能力較強的學生不單解釋問題的因果關係,還會找出最好的配對。
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Conclude
- combine findings of different investigations
in drawing conclusions.
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- 能力較強的學生除歸納各實驗結果外,還會指出變因之間的關係。
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