第二階段：活動前解說(Briefing)
GOALS
Obligation
agreed by students
行為合約
Assignment
before the ativities
活動前職務的分配
Survey
before the activity
活動前資料調查
Teachers should be cautious in conducting an activity involving a large number of pupils since this may lead to a chaotic situation. They may prevent this situation by assigning different visiting routes with various starting points for small groups of pupils. This will provide more space for the activity and reduce chances of accidents.
Activities should be conducted in the form of groups. In each group, each pupil could choose his/her specific work. This arrangement not only provides chances for pupils to communicate and cooperate among themselves, but also allows teachers to observe pupils’ learning strengths and weaknesses individually.
若參與活動的人數較多，為避免因擠迫而造成混亂，教師應為每組設計考察路線，讓各組從不同的起點出發，以增加活動進行時的空間，並減低意外的發生。
活動最好以分組的形式進行。在同一組內，讓每個同學自行選擇擔任不同的任務，這樣，除了可增加同學之間溝通合作的機會外，教師亦較容易觀察到每個同學在學習方面的強弱。
Related Samples有關文件樣本
 |
Obligation agreed by students 行為合約
Pupils’ behaviour during outdoor activities is often a problem for teachers. In fact, an unanimous pledge of good behaviour could help pupils enormously during their growth. What teachers should concern about are the opportunities for pupils to participate in fixing the terms of this pledge. The more points there are to be agreed upon, the more efficiency the disciplines will be implemented. In particular circumstances, pupils may need to be taken through a ceremony for taking the pledge to stress on its importance.
學生在戶外活動的行為表現，往往是一些教師感到頭痛的問題。其實，一套一致性的行為合約，對學生的成長有很大的幫助。但教師要考慮的，是學生到底有沒有機會參與訂定這些合約，因為，若合約能得到大部分同學的認同，在執行紀律上，必定能收事半功倍之效。而在某些情況下，更可能要透過宣誓儀式，讓參與的學生明白這份合約的重要性。
Assignment before the ativities 活動前職務的分配
Manpower is indeed a crucial resource in conducting activities. To schools, pupils, social workers, educational psychologists, teaching assistants, alumnus and professionals from outside can all play different roles in an activity.
Beside providing written guideline on designated duties to each party, teachers in charge should let all parties know how to achieve the aim(s) of the activity through various ways, such as how to motivate pupils’ learning incentive, how to encourage pupils to raise questions, etc.
It is worthwhile to encourage pupils to assist in conducting an activity for this is surely a good learning opportunity for them. Hence, relevant arrangement should be made carefully.
人力也是推行活動的一項重要資源。在學校而言， 學生、教師、社工、教育心理學家、教學助理、校友、工友與及校外的專業人士，都可以在活動中擔當不同的角色。
負責教師除了要為各個協助的角色設計清晰的書面指引外，更要透過不同的方式，讓大家認識如何能夠達到此次活動的目的，例如：在活動中如何激發學生的學習動機，鼓勵學生在活動中提問等。
此外，尤其值得鼓勵的，是讓學生參與協助活動，因為對於他們而言，這也是一次很好的學習機會，教師對此應作更細心的安排。
Related Samples有關文件樣本
|
|
The aim(s) of an activity is the main point to consider in planning a LWL activity. Teachers must know well their pupils’ features which include their abilities, former knowledge, learning interests and learning approach. Based on the pupils’ features and on the needs of the curriculum, teachers can set the learning aims of the activity. The content can then be decided accordingly. These learning aims can cover knowledge, skills and attitudes or the nurturing of emotion.
As the LWL deepens the learning effect, the aims in an activity should not be too many, for what counts most is the quality but not the quantity. If possible, pupils should better be left to discuss their needs and expectations with teachers before setting the aims. Once pupils’ needs are taken into account in the planning of an activity, the effectiveness of learning and teaching would be more significant. Teachers may plan its procedures with pupils and this will engage them more to the activity.
In order to prepare every participant both mentally and physically for the learning during an activity, various attempts could be arranged in advance. In addition to a debriefing, a series of warm up actions such as completing working sheet(s), on-line searching, information reading, etc. could also be done. These will help pupils to acquire knowledge more easily.
清楚知道活動的目的，是設計全方位學習活動的首要考慮。教師必須徹底了解學生的特點，包括他們的能力、已有知識、學習興趣和慣用的學習方式，才能針對他們的特點及課程需要，訂定出學習目標，從而選擇合適他們的活動內容。這些學習目標可以涵蓋知識、技能和態度，或學生在成長中情意的培養。
由於全方位學習在學習上有深化的作用，故此要切記目標不宜過多，所謂重質不重量。更理想的，是在訂定目標的過程中，容許教師和學生先一同討論大家的需要和期望，然後才共同訂定目標。教師若充份掌握學生的需要，才能提升學與教的效果。教師亦可與學生一同策劃活動程序，使學生對活動更加投入。
此外，為了有效地讓每位參與者對活動中的學習過程有充足的心理或實質的準備，可以嘗試用不同的方法。教師除了安排一次解說的機會外，更可安排一系列活動前的熱身準備(例如:完成工作紙、網上搜尋、資料閱讀...等)，有助學生更易掌握活動中所學的知識。
Related Samples有關文件樣本
|
|
Survey before the activity 活動前資料調查
If necessary, a pre-survey on information may be designed according to the learning aim(s) and the strategy of assessment.
可按學習的目的和評估的策略來訂定活動前的資料調查，但這並不是必須進行的步驟。